Dev Biol.: auth.: group Herr

Dev Biol. 2016 Feb 24. pii: S0012-1606(15)30319-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.02.019. [Epub ahead of print]

Compensatory embryonic response to allele-specific inactivation of the murine X-linked gene Hcfc1.

Abstract

Early in female mammalian embryonic development, cells randomly inactivate one of the two X chromosomes to achieve overall equal inactivation of parental X-linked alleles. Hcfc1 is a highly conserved X-linked mouse gene that encodes HCF-1 – a transcriptional co-regulator implicated in cell proliferation in tissue culture cells. By generating a Cre-recombinase inducible Hcfc1 knock-out (Hcfc1lox) allele in mice, we have probed the role of HCF-1 in actively proliferating embryonic cells and in cell-cycle re-entry of resting differentiated adult cells using a liver regeneration model. HCF-1 function is required for both extraembryonic and embryonic development. In heterozygous Hcfc1lox/+ female embryos, however, embryonic epiblast-specific Cre-induced Hcfc1 deletion (creating an Hcfc1epiKO allele) around E5.5 is well tolerated; it leads to a mixture of HCF-1-positive and -negative epiblast cells owing to random X-chromosome inactivation of the wild-type or Hcfc1epiKO mutant allele. At E6.5 and E7.5, both HCF-1-positive and -negative epiblast cells proliferate, but gradually by E8.5, HCF-1-negative cells disappear owing to cell-cycle exit and apoptosis. Although generating a temporary developmental retardation, the loss of HCF-1-negative cells is tolerated, leading to viable heterozygous offspring with 100% skewed inactivation of the X-linked Hcfc1epiKO allele. In resting adult liver cells, the requirement for HCF-1 in cell proliferation was more evident as hepatocytes lacking HCF-1 fail to re-enter the cell cycle and thus to proliferate during liver regeneration. The survival of the heterozygous Hcfc1epiKO/+female embryos, even with half the cells genetically compromised, illustrates the developmental plasticity of the post-implantation mouse embryo – in this instance, permitting survival of females heterozygous for an X-linked embryonic lethal allele.

Copyright © 2016 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Cell proliferation; HCF-1; Liver regeneration; Post-implantation development; X chromosome inactivation

PMID:
26921005