Front Cell Dev Biol. auth.: group Desvergne

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Apr 1;9:627153. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627153. eCollection 2021.

Lack of Adiponectin Drives Hyperosteoclastogenesis in Lipoatrophic Mice

Maria-Bernadette Madel 1He Fu 2Dominique D Pierroz 3Mariano Schiffrin 2Carine Winkler 2Anne Wilson 4Cécile Pochon 5Barbara Toffoli 2Mahdia Taïeb 1Jean-Yves Jouzeau 5Federica Gilardi 2Serge Ferrari 6Nicolas Bonnet 7Claudine Blin-Wakkach 1Béatrice Desvergne 2David Moulin 5

Abstract

Long bones from mammals host blood cell formation and contain multiple cell types, including adipocytes. Physiological functions of bone marrow adipocytes are poorly documented. Herein, we used adipocyte-deficient PPARγ-whole body null mice to investigate the consequence of total adipocyte deficiency on bone homeostasis in mice. We first highlighted the dual bone phenotype of PPARγ null mice: one the one hand, the increased bone formation and subsequent trabecularization extending in the long bone diaphysis, due to the well-known impact of PPARγ deficiency on osteoblasts formation and activity; on the other hand, an increased osteoclastogenesis in the cortical bone. We then further explored the cause of this unexpected increased osteoclastogenesis using two independent models of lipoatrophy, which recapitulated this phenotype. This demonstrates that hyperosteoclastogenesis is not intrinsically linked to PPARγ deficiency, but is a consequence of the total lipodystrophy. We further showed that adiponectin, a cytokine produced by adipocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, pharmacological activation of adiponectin receptors by the synthetic agonist AdipoRon inhibited mature osteoclast activity both in mouse and human cells by blocking podosome formation through AMPK activation. Finally, we demonstrated that AdipoRon treatment blocks bone erosion in vivo in a murine model of inflammatory bone loss, providing potential new approaches to treat osteoporosis.

Keywords: AMPK; adiponectin; bone marrow adiposity; cortical bone porosity; osteoclast.